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31. Lesotho

Lesotho has grappled with political tensions over the last few decades. Over the last two years, the friction intensified between the army and the police, as well as a constitutional crisis, the…

32. Madagascar

Political instability and the fact that laws that ensure free and independent media have not been implemented since the last African Media Barometer (AMB) report in 2010, have created an atmosphere…

33. Malawi

The media environment in Malawi over the past two years can best be described as a twin tale. This because the country has experienced two presidents with very different ideas of how the country…

34. Mali

Even though Mali's 1992 constitution guarantees the freedom of expression and Mali also has broadcasting and print media laws, media freedom is in practice limited by national regulations, the…

35. Mauritius

Radio is the most popular media product in Mauritius, followed closely by specific television programmes. Expansion in the media sector has provided journalists the opportunity to improve their…

36. Mozambique

The fifth African Media Barometer (AMB) indicated that Mozambique has a legal, political, institutional and infrastructural framework that has ensured that people can exercise their freedom of…

37. Namibia

Freedom of expression is guaranteed by the Namibian Constitution. However, the practice of this right is hindered by certain regulations and laws. Namibia has no Access to Information law that would…

38. Senegal

In Senegal, limitations to freedom of expression, including intimidation and distortion, were rife during and beyond the 2012 elections. Whilst competitiveness in the television sector has…

39. South Africa

South Africa, despite ratifying most regional and international agreements on freedom of expression, freedom of the press and access to information, and protecting these rights in a constitution…

40. Tanzania

Tanzania is one of few countries in sub-Saharan Africa where the press is predominantly presented in the official and national language of the country (known as Swahili). The constitution provides…